1- NDL India is developed and maintained by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur.
2- Multiplexing is used in Circuit switching.
3 - Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is also known as Hardware as a service (HaaS)
4- LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) is a software development framework that is open source using the operating system Linux, the Software-Server Apache, the partnership database management system MySQL, and the object-oriented scripting language Perl / PHP /Python. LAMP is also called a LAMP stack.
5- LOCKSS stands for "Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe. The LOCKSS system allows a library, with permission from the publisher, to collect, preserve and disseminate to its patrons a copy of the materials to which it has subscribed as well as open access material (perhaps published under a Creative Commons license). Its main goal is digital preservation. LOCKSS is initiated by Stanford University.
6- i10-index was created by Google Scholar as an index to rank author impact and used in Google's My Citations feature. i10- Index = the number of publications with at least 10 citations.
7- The Delphi method is a type of consensus method which does not require face to face meetings. The Delphi method, also known as the estimate-talk-estimate technique (ETE), is a systematic and qualitative method of forecasting by collecting opinions from a group of experts through several rounds of questions.
8- BibExcel is developed by Olle Persson. Bibexcel is a great tool for helping with analysis of bibliographic data, and citation studies in particular.
10- The Digital Library Research Group at Cornell University originally developed Fedora, Digital library software under a National Science Foundation Grant.
11- Under RRRLF Financial assistance matching scheme, assistance will be shared on matching basis between RRRLF & developed state ratio is 50: 50.
12- Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core (UBCIM) is a core activity of IFLA
13- Pauline Atherton Cochrane is author of “Putting Knowledge to work"
14- Ping is a tool that sends ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) echo packets to get the layer 3 (Network layer) status
15- The Library of Congress and the National Library of Canada are pleased to announce that the harmonized USMARC and CAN/MARC formats will be published in a single edition in early 1999 under a new name: MARC 21.
16- An epilogue is the final chapter at the end of a story that often serves to reveal the fates of the characters.
17- Documentation and Information Sectional Committee, MSD 5 is engaged in standardization activity in the field of practices relating to libraries, documentation and information centres’.
18- The loss in signal power as light travels down the fibre is called Scattering. In fibre optic transmissions, scattering is the loss of signal caused by the diffusion of a light beam, where the diffusion itself is caused by microscopic variations in the transmission medium.
19- Zero-based budgeting is a method of budgeting in which all expenses must be justified and approved for each new period.
20- The Indian Library Review is being launched by the National Library, Kolkata, to serve the interests of Indian libraries and librarians.
21- B.S. Kasavan is the first Librarian of National Library of India after independence.
22- Bibliomania term was coined by John Ferriar , a physician at the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Ferriar coined the term in 1809 in a poem he dedicated to his bibliomanic friend, Richard Heber. In 1809, the Reverend Thomas Frognall Dibdin published Bibliomania; or Book Madness, a work described by literary critic Philip Connell.
23- General systems theory" was coined in the 1940s by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, who sought a new approach to the study of living systems.
24- Haptic communication is a branch of nonverbal communication that refers to the ways in which people and animals communicate and interact via the sense of touch.
25- The information search process (ISP) was first suggested by Carol Kuhlthau in 1991. The information search process (ISP) is a six-stage process of information seeking behaviour in library & information science. Information seeking behaviour model of Kuhlthau explains the activities viz initiation, selection, exploration, formulation, collection and presentation.
26- The IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International MARC Core Activity (UBCIM) which has been hosted by Die Deutsche Bibliothek since 1990, is closed as per 1st March 2003.
27- “Research in Progress” database developed by INFLIBNET is known as “ShodhGangotri”
30- Joan S Mitchell is the editor in chief of 23 edition “Dewey decimal classification and relative index “.
31- The Dublin Core", also known as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (Original Version 1.1) is a set of fifteen elements.
32- The literary warrant concept was initially formulated by the E. Wyndham Hulme in 1911.
33- ISBD was created & Maintained by IFLA Cataloguing Section and ISBD Review Group.
34- Universal decimal classification (Abridged English 3rd edition) symbol "..." indicates the Common auxiliaries of Time.
35- Ranganatan said “Wherever telescoping of array is done, the canon of Hierarchy is violated. This violation is deliberately done to satisfy the “Law of Parsimony”
36- An ISBN is an International Standard Book Number. ISBNs were 10 digits in length up to the end of December 2006, but since 1 January 2007 they now always consist of 13 digits. - Each ISBN consists of 5 elements with each section being separated by spaces or hyphens. Sequence of ISBN Number is- 1- Prefix element 2- Registration group element 3- Registrant element 4- Publication element 5- Check Digit
37- Classification of ISBN no. With example: 978 (Prefix)- 92 ( Registration Group)- 95055 ( Registrant )- 02 ( Publication)- 5 (Check Digit)
Prefix element – currently this can only be either 978 or 979. It is always 3 digits in length
Registration group element – this identifies the particular country, geographical region, or language area participating in the ISBN system. This element may be between 1 and 5 digits in length
Registrant element - this identifies the particular publisher or imprint. This may be up to 7 digits in length
Publication element – this identifies the particular edition and format of a specific title. This may be up to 6 digits in length
Check digit – this is always the final single digit that mathematically validates the rest of the number. It i
38- CeRA consortium supports e-resources exclusively for Agricultural & allied sciences.
39- Kurt Lewin developed a change model involving three steps: unfreezing, changing and refreezing
40- The critical path method (CPM) is a technique where you identify tasks that are necessary for project completion and determine scheduling flexibilities. A critical path in project management is the longest sequence of activities that must be finished on time in order for the entire project.
41- A firewall is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network traffic and permits or blocks data packets based on a set of security rules.
42- Half-duplex data transmission means that data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier, but not at the same time.
43- Society of College, National & University Libraries (SCONUL) is an organization for academic & national libraries in the UK & Ireland & founded in 1950. The Seven Pillars of Information Literacy are Identify, Scope, Plan, Gather, Evaluate, Manage, and Present.
44- Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is the wireless technology used to connect computers, tablets, smartphones and other devices to the internet. Wi-Fi is the radio signal sent from a wireless router to a nearby device, which translates the signal into data you can see and use.
45- The technical name for Wi-Fi is IEEE 802.11 & and it provides wireless communications within a wireless local area network uses high frequency radio waves instead of cables for connecting the devices.
46- Presentation layer is also known as the syntax layer mainly concerned with the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between the two systems.
47- Bridges are used to connect two or more hosts or network segments together and manage the traffic between them.
48- The physical arrangement of equipment in a network is called topology.
49- Ex Libris operates a private cloud offering that is available for the sole use of the Ex Libris customer community. This deployment model differs from a public cloud, which is available to the general public or a hybrid cloud, which is a combination of two or more clouds.
50- KB e-depot is maintained by National Library of Netherland.